Histopathological, Hemochromatotic, Hypercholesterolemic, and Androgenic Effects of Escravos Crude oil on the Testis in Male Chinchilla Rabbits

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Escravos crude oil on serum concentrations of testosterone, total cholesterol, body weight, relative weight and micro-anatomical architecture of the testis using male Chinchilla Rabbits.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus between May and June 2013 (28 days).

Methodology: A total of thirty male Chinchilla Rabbits aged 12 to 14 weeks and weighing 1.2kg to 1.45kg was used. Crude oil was administered orally at the doses of 15, 20, 25 and 30mg/kg body weight to groups designated B, C, D and E respectively for 28 days, while group A was given normal saline. Serum concentration of testosterone and total cholesterol were estimated using the microplate enzyme immunoassay and enzymatic end point methods, respectively. The SPSS software (version 20) was used for the statistical analysis and the result expressed in mean ± SD.

Result: The results showed dose dependent effects on the hormone and biochemical assays, especially at the concentration of 25mg/kg body weight of the administered crude oil. Significant increases in serum concentrations of testosterone (0.32+/-0.05 to 0.46+/- 0.14) and total cholesterol (1.35+/-0.17 to 1.76+/-0.15) concentrations (p≤.05), and insignificant increase (p≥.05) in the relative weight of the testis (4.80+/-0.40 to 6.50+/- 0.90) were observed. The histology of the testes revealed hypertrophy of the seminiferous tubules, atrophy of the basal lamina and interstitial cells, and hemochromatosis. The histological findings agree with the hormonal and biochemical findings.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that Escravos crude oil might be a potential endocrine disruptor and toxic substance which can affect the micro-anatomical architecture of the testis.