Exploring the Genetic Wealth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): A Comprehensive Review on Its Products and By-Products

Sunflower stands out as a significant oilseed crop, pivotal not only in the production of edible oil and biofuels but also in the formulation of nutritious animal feed. Particularly noteworthy are the diverse opportunities presented by sunflower by-products. From the nutrient-rich sunflower oil cake to the versatile sunflower wax utilized in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, the potential applications are manifold. Additionally, the burgeoning interest in sunflower-derived biofuels as sustainable alternatives to conventional energy sources highlights the crop's growing importance in modern agriculture. However, to meet the evolving demands sustainably, an in-depth analysis of sunflower cultivation practices and nutrient management strategies for optimal productivity is imperative. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sunflower cultivation techniques, processing methods, and avenues for value addition across various sectors. Renowned for its vibrant flowers and seeds brimming with high-quality oil, sunflower holds a significant economic value. Its oil, rich in beneficial unsaturated fatty acids and essential vitamins, has garnered acclaim for its health benefits, including cholesterol reduction and cardiovascular health promotion. Thriving primarily in warm climates and exhibiting resilience to drought conditions, sunflowers have witnessed a surge in demand for their sprouts, roasted seeds, oil, and even agricultural tourism ventures. With sunflower seeds and oil serving as essential components in integrated production systems, the scope for creating diverse food and non-food products continues to expand. By offering this comprehensive synthesis, this review aims to guide stakeholders towards maximizing the utilization of sunflowers across multiple domains.